| Vital processes
are very dynamic and they are subject to a permanent flow of energy, water
and nutrients. In nature these processes happen all the time allowing
for the development of dynamic and stable life systems. Due to their particular
climate, topography and soil, humid tropical forests are home to diverse
forms of flora and fauna that respond perfectly to the particularities
of these regions. The regeneration, recovery and renovation of these systems,
takes place through succession processes. Within these processes, each
species occupies, for a certain period of time, a given space in which
it contributes with its particular capacity to improve and to optimise
its conditions as well as those of the members of its consortium to grow
prosper and to reproduce. As time passes each species - by performing
its functions- creates the necessary conditions for the development of
another (more demanding) species ensuring that the energy, water and nutrient
dynamics are maintained. As a result nature creates more and more complex
systems which results in more diverse forms.
Initially, Ambaybo (Cecropia spp.) and Balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale)
are the main species predominant in slashed and burned (deforested) areas
in alluvial sites in the Alto Beni region. As years go by, other species
occupy their place until, without the intervention of man a new primary
forest is re-established. By forcing nature to remain static for long
periods of time (such is the case of single-crop farming), nature responds
with the so-called "diseases", "pests" and "weeds".
All these, however, are but mere indicators that show us that our agricultural
practices are not adequate. These "diseases", "pests"
and "weeds" appear when we insist on planting a single crop
in the same plot over and over again, and we worsen this situation by
using toxic chemicals to counterattack their effect. Instead of taking
advantage of natural dynamics that result in complex systems that generate
more life and fertile soils, because we do not understand them, we fight
them using insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides.
By understanding and taking advantage of the principles underlying
natural succession we achieve an abundant agricultural and forest production
without using chemicals or struggling against "diseases" and
"pests".
The principles underlying the natural succession of species were formulated
and presented by Mr. Ernst Götsch during his visits to Bolivia. They
have been published as the "Guía para el Establecimiento de
Sistemas Agroforestales" .*
* Milz, Joachim: Guía para el Establecimiento de
Sistemas Agroforestals. DED-COSUDE, La Paz-Bolivia 1998
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